Our first historical reference to Hill-men comes during the reign of Argeleb I of Arthedain, whose short reign ran from III 1349 to III 1356. In his time the neighbouring land of Rhudaur was taken over by an evil lord of the Hill-men (whose people indeed slew Argeleb). These Hill-men were allied with Angmar, which implies an origin in the foothills of the Misty Mountains, or perhaps the spur of the Mountains known as the Ettenmoors.
Though this is our first definite reference, the Hill-men seem to have predated this by some time. There are references to ancestors of the Dunlendings dating back into the Second Age, and the later Dunlendings are several times referred to as Hill-men. It is less clear whether these various Hill-men were related to one another (for example, whether the Hill-men of Rhudaur shared an ancestry with the Dunlendings) or were simply separate tribes who happened to live among hilly terrain.
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